Ukundiza kwabantu abamnyama

Charles Terres Weymann

Wathenga iGordon Bennett Cup

IPort-au-Prince, eHaiti

Wazalelwa ePort-au-Prince ngo-2 Agasti 1889 kuyise waseMelika nonina waseHaiti, uCornelie Miot. Ukuhamba nge-100 horsepower Nieuport, wathatha iGordon Bennett Cup yesithathu e-Eastchurch ngoJulayi 1911, imijikelezo engamashumi amabili nanhlanu yomgwaqo wamakhilomitha ayisithupha ngesilinganiso samamayela angamashumi ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalombili ngehora, wayinqoba e-United States. Wahamba njenge-test pilot ye-Nieuport phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, futhi kamuva wasungula umzimba kaWeymann oguquguqukayo osetshenziswe ezimotweni zakuqala zikanokusho. IHaiti imbheka njengomshayeli wayo wokuqala.

• →Owesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika onelayisense lokushayela (1921)

Ahmet Ali Çelikten

Umshayeli wokuqala wezempi omnyama

I-Yeşilköy, uMbuso Wase-Ottoman

Wazalelwa e-Izmir ngo-1883. Ugogo wakhe womama wayelethe eTurkey esuka eBornu, manje eseNigeria. Waqala ukuqeqeshwa kwe-cadet e-Naval Flight School eYşilköy ngo-1914 futhi waphothula ngoNovemba 11, 1916, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba u-Eugene Bullard athole amaphiko akhe eFrance. Washayela indiza eMpini Yezwe I futhi waphinde wayiswa eMpi Yokuzimela YaseTurkey. Ubhekwa kabanzi njengomshayeli wezindiza wokuqala omnyama emlandweni, futhi cishe akaziwa ngaphandle kweTurkey.

• →izinyanga ehlukene, ohlangothini eziphikisanayo empini. Umshayeli wezindiza wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika (1917)

Eugene Bullard

Umshayeli wezindiza wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika

ILafayette Flying Corps, eFrance

Wazalwa eColumbus, eGeorgia. Wandiza neLafayette Flying Corps eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala futhi waba umshayeli wezindiza wokuqala wase-Afrika waseMelika. Lapho i-United States ingena empini futhi ithatha izisebenzi zokuzithandela zaseMelika, yathatha zonke ngaphandle kwakhe.

William Robinson Clarke

Umshayeli wezindiza wokuqala omnyama osebenza eBrithani

IJamaica neRoyal Flying Corps

Wazalelwa eKingston, wakhokha indlela yakhe eya eNgilandi ngo-1915. Wenza indiza yokuhlola phezu kweWestern Front kusukela ngoMeyi 1917 kwaze kwaba yilapho edutshulwa ngoJulayi lowo nyaka ngesikhathi ethatha izithombe zezindawo zaseJalimane. Wasinda futhi waqhubeka ekhonza.

• →Umshayeli we-RAF, imisebenzi engamashumi amabili nesithupha neminyaka emibili eyisiboshwa sempi (1943)

Bessie Coleman

Owesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika onelayisense lokushayela

Le Crotoy, eFrance

Zonke izikole zezindiza eMelika zamenqaba. Ngakho wafunda isiFulentshi, wahamba waya esikoleni seCaudron Brothers eLe Crotoy, wathola ilayisense yakhe eFédération Aéronautique Internationale ngo-15 Juni 1921. Wayengowesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika nowesifazane wokuqala wendabuko waseMelika owaba nombuso. Kwamthatha izinyanga eziyisikhombisa.

• →iminyaka eyikhulu nanhlanu. Umshayeli, u-Artemis II. Umhloli wezinkanyezi wokuqala omnyama owafika enyangeni (2026)

James Herman Banning

UmAfrika wokuqala waseMelika owawela leli zwekazi

UBanning noThomas Allen bahamba ngezindiza beya ogwini. Lapho behamba bacela abantu ukuba basayine iphiko lendiza ukuze banikele. Babezibiza ngamagama.

John C. Robinson

Umkhuzi Wezindiza Zase-Ethiopia

E-Addis Ababa, e-Ethiopia

Umshayeli wezindiza waseChicago, owamenywa nguHaile Selassie ngo-Ephreli 1935 futhi waqokwa njengomlawuli we-Imperial Ethiopian Air Force ngo-Agasti lowo nyaka. Waqeqesha abagibeli bezindiza base-Ethiopia, wahamba ngezindiza zokuqapha futhi wathatha amadoda nezinsizakusebenza waya phambili ukuze alwe nokuhlasela kukaMussolini. Ekhaya wancenga isikole sakhe esidala, iTuskegee Institute, ukuba sivule isikole sezindiza. Ukhunjulwa futhi njengobaba we-Ethiopian Airlines.

• →wasiza ukuqala inkampani yezindiza wayeyoba umphathi. Abasebenzi besifazane bokuqala e-Afrika (2015)
• →wancenga iTuskegee ukuba ivule isikole sayo sezindiza. I-Tuskegee Army Air Field ivula (1941)

Cornelius Coffey · Willa Brown

Isikole sokuqala sezindiza esenziwa abantu abamnyama e-United States

Isikole seCoffey se-Aeronautics savulwa eHarlem Airport e-Oak Lawn, e-Illinois. Kwakuyisikole sokuqala sokundiza e-United States esasiphethwe futhi sisetshenziswa abantu base-Afrika baseMelika. Ezikoleni eziyisikhombisa eziqhutshwa abantu abamnyama ezixhaswe ngaphansi koHlelo Lwezemfundo Lwabashayeli Bezindiza, uCoffey nguye yedwa ongaxhunyiwe ekolishi. UCoffey wayengumqeqeshi omkhulu futhi wayezigcina zonke izindiza. UWilla Brown wayiphatha, futhi waqeqesha abagibeli nabafundisi baseTuskegee abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabili. Isikhangiso sokuqasha sambiza ngokuthi wayengumuntu onjani: umenzi wezindiza.

• →waqeqesha abagibeli ibutho ngeke. I-Tuskegee Army Air Field ivula (1941)
• →ifomu elifanayo lesikhungo, iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nantathu. Umsunguli weSikhungo (2001)
• →ukufundisa labo abalandelayo ukundiza. Umsunguli, I-Black Girl Drone World (2020)

I-National Airmen's Association of America yasungulwa

UCoffey, uBrown no-Enoch Waters basungula iNational Airmen's Association of America ukuze baphoqelele abagibeli abamnyama ukuba baqeqeshelwe izindiza. Kungakapheli iminyaka emibili i-Army Air Corps yavula iTuskegee.

• →ihlelwe kuze kuvulwe umnyango. I-Tuskegee Army Air Field ivula (1941)

Benjamin O. Davis Sr.

Isikhulu sokuqala esiyisi-Afrika saseMelika

Wathuthukiswa waba yi-brigadier general e-United States Army, iminyaka engamashumi amane nambili enkonzweni yakhe.

I-Tuskegee Army Air Field ivula

I-99th Pursuit Squadron iqala ukuqeqesha eTuskegee Army Air Field. Yadalwa ngaphansi ukuhlukaniswa kwakuhloselwe ukufakazela okungalungile, futhi kwaqashwa ngokwengxenye ngabagibeli abaqeqeshwe kakade yiCoffey School.

• →I-332nd Fighter Group, i-Red Tails (1943)
• →Umjenerali wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika onezinkanyezi ezine (1975)

Oscar W. Holmes Jr.

Umlawuli wokuqala wezindiza wase-Afrika waseMelika

Isikhungo Sokulawula Ukuhamba Komgwaqo WaseNew York

Waqeqeshwa njengomshayeli wezindiza wabe esethatha isikhundla ku-Civil Aeronautics Administration ngo-1941, njengomsizi womlawuli eNew York ngama-dollar ayikhulu nesishiyagalombili ngonyaka. Wayenesikhumba esikhanyayo, futhi iMarine yamthumela ukuba abe umshayeli wezindiza ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi unguMnyama. Umlando wakhe siqu we-FAA unesihloko esithi: waphula izithiyo ezintathu zombala, kodwa bambalwa ababekwazi. Wathi akakaze aqale ukuba yiphayona futhi wayefuna kuphela umsebenzi wezindiza.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

I-332nd Fighter Group, i-Red Tails

I-Italy neNingizimu Yurophu

UDavis wayala i-99th, bese kuba yi-332th Fighter Group, ehamba namabhomu phezu kweYurophu. Wayezoba uJenene wokuqala omnyama e-United States Air Force. UMengameli uClinton wamenza waba ujenene wezinkanyezi ezine ngo-December 9, 1998.

• →Ukunqoba kokuqala emoyeni komshayeli wezindiza waseTuskegee (1943)
• →I-Freeman Field. Amaphoyisa ayikhulu nanye aboshiwe (1945)
• →izibhamu ezinhle kakhulu e-Air Force. Abawinile embuthanweni wokuqala wokudubula we-Air Force bahlangana (1949)

Charles B. Hall

Ukunqoba kokuqala emoyeni komshayeli wezindiza waseTuskegee

Ngo-July 2, 1943, ehamba nama-B-25 phezu kweCastelvetrano eSicily, uHall wabeka i-P-40 yakhe phakathi kwamabhomu nama-Focke-Wulf 190 amabili, waphenduka ngaphakathi kwawo, futhi wadutshulwa omunye. Kwakuwumsebenzi wakhe wesishiyagalombili, ukunqoba kokuqala emoyeni kwanoma yimuphi umshayeli wezindiza waseTuskegee, futhi okuwukuphela kwalowo abawuthola ngawo wonke unyaka ka-1943. Wabulala abanye abathathu ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi.

• →Ukunqoba oku-4 okuvela emoyeni (1944)

Johnny Smythe

Umshayeli we-RAF, imisebenzi engamashumi amabili nesithupha neminyaka emibili eyisiboshwa sempi

ISierra Leone neStalag Luft I

Umshayeli wesikebhe waseFreetown, okhethelwe umsebenzi ngokuqina kwezibalo zakhe. Wahamba ngamabhomu angamashumi amabili nesithupha phezu kweJalimane futhi wadutshulwa ngosuku lwamashumi amabili nesikhombisa, wachitha ingxenye esele yempi eStalag Luft I kwaze kwaba yilapho amaRussia eyikhulula ngo-1945. Ngo-1948 wahamba njengesikhulu esiphezulu emkhunjini i-Empire Windrush.

• →RAF Pathfinder navigator, imisebenzi engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. I-DSO ne-DFC (1944)

Flight Lieutenant Billy Strachan

Isithunywa sezindiza se-RAF, imisebenzi engamashumi amathathu phezu kweJalimane

IKingston, eJamaica

Wathengisa konke ayenakho futhi wawela amanzi e-U-boat ngezindleko zakhe siqu ukujoyina. Wenza ukuhlaselwa kwobusuku obungamashumi amathathu phezu kweJalimane njengomshayeli ongenazintambo nomdondoshiya womoya, ngokumelene nesilinganiso sabasebenzi bamabhomu abangaba yisikhombisa. Umsebenzi wedeski ayewuzuzile wanikezwa futhi wenqaba. Kunalokho, waphinde waqeqeshwa njengomshayeli wendiza, wahamba yedwa ngemva kwamahora angu-7, futhi waqeda impi engumshayeli wezindiza.

• →RAF Pathfinder navigator, imisebenzi engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. I-DSO ne-DFC (1944)

Lee Archer

Ukunqoba oku-4 okuvela emoyeni

Omunye ngo-July 18, 1944, wabe esethatha izinsuku ezintathu ngosuku olulodwa ngo-October 12. U-Archer wayengomunye wabagibeli bezindiza abathathu baseTuskegee abahlonishwa ngokunqoba kwezindiza ezine. Leli qembu laqeda impi lalinamakhulu ayishumi nambili.

• →Mina 262 ngehla ku-P-51 Mustang (1945)

Squadron Leader Ulric Cross

RAF Pathfinder navigator, imisebenzi engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. I-DSO ne-DFC

ITrinidad ne-RAF Marham, eNgilandi

Wazalelwa ePort of Spain ngo-1917, wafika eBrithani ngoNovemba 1941 futhi waqeqeshwa njengomuntu ohamba ngomkhumbi. Wayendiza ne-139 (Jamaica) Squadron futhi wakhethwa ukuba abe yiPathfinder Force, eyayibeka izinhloso ngaphambi kwamabhomu. Wathatha i-DFC ngoJuni 1944 kanye ne-DSO ngonyaka olandelayo, ngenxa yekhono lokuzulazula eliyingqayizivele, futhi wenqaba konke okwakunikezwa. Ubhekwa njengomuntu ohlonishwa kakhulu eNtshonalanga yeNdiya yempi. Kamuva waba umahluleli weNkantolo Ephakeme eTrinidad.

• →Abasebenzi bezindiza baseCaribbean eMbuthanweni Womoya WaseRoyal (1944)

Abasebenzi bezindiza baseCaribbean eMbuthanweni Womoya WaseRoyal

ICaribbean NeBrithani

Abantu baseWest Indies abangaba ngamakhulu amane namashumi amahlanu bakhonza njengezindiza ze-RAF eMpini Yezwe II, nezinkulungwane eziningana ngaphezulu emhlabathini. Bavela eTrinidad, eJamaica, eGuyana, eBarbados nakwezinye izindawo esifundeni, ukuze balwele izwe iningi labo elalingakaze lilibone.

I-Freeman Field. Amaphoyisa ayikhulu nanye aboshiwe

Ngo-Ephreli 5, 1945, izikhulu ze-477th Bombardment Group zangena eklabhu yamaphoyisa emhlophe kuphela eFreeman Field, e-Indiana. Abantu abayikhulu nanye baboshwa futhi bamangalelwa ngaphansi kwesigaba 64 sempi. Ngemva kwalokho, amabutho aseButhweni Lomoya anxusa uMnyango Wezempi ukuba uvimbele ngokuphelele ukuhlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga kwezikhungo zempi. Baboshwa ngenxa yalokho, futhi banqoba.

• →waboshwa ngenxa yalo, futhi wanqoba. I-Executive Order 9981 ivimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhali (1948)

I-332th ethathwe izithombe eRamitelli

URamitelli, e-Italy

UToni Frissell wathatha izithombe ze-332nd esikhumulweni sabo sezindiza e-Italy: imibiko, igumbi lama-parachute, iklabhu yamaphoyisa kusihlwa. I-Library of Congress igcina ama-negatives. Ziphakathi kwezithombe ezinhle kakhulu zezindiza ezake zenziwa, futhi yingakho lo mlando ungabonwa kunokuba uchazwe kuphela.

Roscoe C. Brown

Mina 262 ngehla ku-P-51 Mustang

Ngo-March 24, 1945, ebheke i-P-51 phezu kweBerlin, uBrown wabulala i-Messerschmitt Me 262, enye yezindiza zokuqala zokusebenza. Wayengeyena umMelika wokuqala ukushaya i-262, isimangalo esasivame ukuphindaphindwa egameni lakhe, kodwa wakwenza ngeMustang enenjini ye-piston ngokumelene nendiza eyayishesha ngamakhilomitha angaba yikhulu ngehora. Wayehola i-100th Fighter Squadron.

I-Executive Order 9981 ivimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhali

UTruman wayala ukuba kuphathwe ngokulinganayo futhi kunikezwe amathuba kuwo wonke amabutho. Eminyakeni emithathu ngemva kukaFreeman Field.

Abawinile embuthanweni wokuqala wokudubula we-Air Force bahlangana

NgoMeyi 1949 i-Air Force yabamba i-Fighter Gunnery Meeting yayo yokuqala ehlane eLas Vegas Air Force Base, manje eyiNellis. UKaputeni u-Alva Temple kanye namaThekwini uHarry Stewart noJames H. Harvey III, ababehamba ngeP-47N Thunderbolts ye-332, bayinqobile. Khona-ke indebe yesiliva equkethe amagama abawinile yanyamalala iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu nanhlanu. Isazi-mlando uZellie Rainey Orr sayithola ngo-2005, egcinwe eMnyuziyamu Kazwelonke Wezikhali Zomoya. UNellis wethule ipuleti ngoJanuwari 11, 2022.

Jesse L. Brown

Umshayeli wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika

IChosin Reservoir, eKorea

Wadutshulwa phezu kweChosin Reservoir ngo-December 1950 futhi wabanjwa emgodini. UThomas Hudner wahlaselwa indiza yakhe eceleni, ngamabomu, ezama ukumkhulula. Wayengeke akwazi. UHudner wathola iMedali Yodumo.

Perry H. Young Jr.

Umshayeli wokuqala wase-Afrika waseMelika enkampanini yezindiza yase-US

Yaqashwa yiNew York Airways ukuba ihambe ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuba noma yimuphi umgibeli omkhulu aqashise umshayeli omnyama.

Ed Dwight

Umlandeli wokuqala womkhumbi wase-Afrika waseMelika

UMengameli Kennedy wamsekela njengomuntu wokuqala omnyama ozongenela inkonzo yezinkanyezi eMelika. Waqedela inkambo ye-Aerospace Research Pilot School eyayithwala izikhulu ezimhlophe ziye e-astronaut corps. I-NASA ayizange imkhethe. Washiya i-Air Force ngaphandle kokundiza, futhi waba umbazi.

• ⇢iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nantathu. Wafinyelela esikhaleni ngo-2024, eneminyaka engu-90 ubudala (2024)

Marlon Green

INkantolo Ephakeme iqeda ukucwaswa kwezindiza

I-Continental yayinesikhala. UGreen wayengumshayeli wezindiza oqeqeshiwe. Banikeza isihlalo kumfakisicelo omhlophe onolwazi oluncane. Ngo-April 22, 1963, iNkantolo Ephakeme yanquma ngokuzwakalayo eColorado Anti-Discrimination Commission v. Continental Air Lines, 372 U.S. 714. Wayendizela iContinental kusukela ngo-1965 kuya ku-1978.

• →waphoqelela umnyango. Umshayeli wokuqala wase-Afrika waseMelika enkampanini enkulu yezindiza yase-US (1964)

David E. Harris

Umshayeli wokuqala wase-Afrika waseMelika enkampanini enkulu yezindiza yase-US

I-American Airlines yamqasha ngonyaka ngemva kwesinqumo sikaGreen. Umnyango uGreen wawuvula ngenkani, uHarris wangena kuwo.

Melody Millicent Danquah

Umshayeli wombhobho wokuqala wesifazane eGhana

IGhana

Wahamba yedwa okokuqala ngoJuni 22, 1964 futhi wathatha amaphiko akhe ngo-Ephreli 15, 1965, omunye wabesifazane bokuqala ukundiza noma kuphi e-Afrika. Wayengomunye wabesifazane abathathu bokuqala abamukelwa e-Ghana Air Force.

• →Ikaputeni yokuqala yase-Afrika endizeni yezindiza yebanga elide (1976)

Robert H. Lawrence Jr.

UmAfrika wokuqala waseMelika okhethiwe njengombonisi wezinkanyezi

Wakhethwa ngo-30 Juni 1967 we-Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory. Wayengumuntu wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika okhethwe njenge-astronaut kunoma iyiphi inqubo kazwelonke. Ngo-December 8, 1967 wayefundisa esesihlalweni sangemuva se-F-104 e-Edwards lapho umfundi eqhuma sekwephuze kakhulu. Umfundi waxoshwa futhi waphila. Isihlalo sikaLawrence saqhuma ngenkathi indiza iwele futhi ishisa. I-Air Force ayizange imbalile ngokusemthethweni njengomuntu ohamba ngezindiza. Igama lakhe lafakwa esikhumbuzweni se-Space Mirror ngo-1997, eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva.

• ⇢akhethiwe, futhi akakaze athunyelwe. UmAfrika Omnyama wokuqala okhethiwe ukuba aye esikhaleni (2013)
• →UmAfrika wokuqala waseMelika esikhaleni (1983)

Eleanor Joyce Toliver-Williams

Owesifazane wokuqala omnyama oqinisekiswe njengomlawuli we-FAA

I-Anchorage ARTCC, e-Alaska

Yaqinisekiswa e-Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Centre ngo-1971. Ngo-1994 waba ngowesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika ukuhola isikhungo esikhulu sendlela, eCleveland Centre e-Oberlin, Ohio.

Daniel "Chappie" James Jr.

Umjenerali wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika onezinkanyezi ezine

Uqeqeshwe eTuskegee. Izindiza zindiza eKorea naseVietnam. Wathatha inkanyezi yakhe yesine ngo-1975.

• →indiza yezempi yondla ama-astronaut. UmAfrika wokuqala waseMelika okhethiwe njengombonisi wezinkanyezi (1967)

Captain Alexis Ajavon

Ikaputeni yokuqala yase-Afrika endizeni yezindiza yebanga elide

I-Air Afrique, iTogo

Waqeqeshwa eSaint-Yan eFrance nge-Togolese scholarship futhi wajoyina i-Air Afrique ekupheleni kuka-1962. Wafaneleka ku-Beech 18 ngo-1965, i-DC-3 ngoJanuwari 1967 kanye ne-DC-4 ngoSepthemba, futhi wathatha umyalo ngo-1976, uKaputeni wokuqala wase-Afrika we-DC-8 yebanga elide. Ngo-1974 wayenamahora ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi wahamba ngendiza e-Eyadéma yaseTogo, eHouphouët-Boigny yaseCôte d'Ivoire naseBongo yaseGabon.

• →Owesifazane wokuqala waseNigeria onelayisense lomshayeli wendiza wezohwebo (1981)

Kusungulwe Inhlangano Yabangcweti Bezindiza Abamnyama

U-O'Hare Hilton, eChicago

UBen Thomas, umshayeli osemusha we-Eastern Airlines, wamema abashayeli abamnyama abangamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa ukuba bahlangane eChicago ngo-17 nango-18 September 1976. Lokho abakusungulile kuye kwaphikisana nokulingana ekuqashweni, ekuqeqesheni nasekuthuthukiseni ezindizeni kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi kwafaka abantu abaningi kakhulu oqeqeshweni lokundiza ababengeke bafinyelele lapho.

Lt. Cmdr. Brenda E. Robinson

Owesifazane wokuqala oMnyama ukuba athole Navy Wings of Gold

INAS Corpus Christi

Ngo-1977 waba ngomunye wabesifazane abayishumi abakhethiwe ezweni lonke eSikoleni Sokuqokwa Kwabasebenzi Bezindiza ePensacola. Wathatha amaphiko akhe ngoJuni 6, 1980, owesifazane wamashumi amahlanu nesishiyagalolunye ukungena ohlelweni futhi wamashumi amane nambili ukuwuqeda. NgoJanuwari 1981 wafaneleka ekungeniseni umkhumbi we-C-1A emkhunjini we-USS America, owesifazane wesibili owake wehla emkhunjeni wezindiza. Isibonakaliso sakhe sokuxhumana sasinguRaven. Wahamba ngezindiza iminyaka eyishumi nantathu, eyisikhombisa esezinqolobaneni, wabe esehamba eyishumi nesikhombisa e-American Airlines.

James R. Rodgers Sr.

Umqondisi omkhulu wokuqala omnyama wesikhumulo sezindiza sezohwebo sase-US

Isikhumulo Sezindiza Sesifunda saseLittle Rock

Umiswa ngo-1980 eLittle Rock. Wenza imali engaphezu kwamadola ayizigidi ezingu-70 ekwandiseni futhi waletha iSouthwest Airlines ensimini. Ukuqhuba isikhumulo sezindiza kungumsebenzi wawo siqu, futhi wayengumuntu wokuqala omnyama owaba nomsebenzi ophakeme ekuthengiseni.

Captain Chinyere Kalu

Owesifazane wokuqala waseNigeria onelayisense lomshayeli wendiza wezohwebo

IZaria, eNigeria

Ubhalise e-Nigerian College of Aviation Technology eZaria futhi wathola ilayisense lakhe lokushayela ezentengiselwano ngoMeyi 20, 1981, waba ngowesifazane wokuqala waseNigeria ukuba abe nalo. Waqhubeka nokuphatha ikolishi elalimqeqesha, njengoRektora kanye ne-Chief Executive kusuka ngo-2011 kuya ku-2014.

• →Owesifazane wokuqala ukuphatha indiza ye-Air Afrique (1998)

Guion Bluford

UmAfrika wokuqala waseMelika esikhaleni

I-STS-8, 30 Agasti 1983, ukuqaliswa kokuqala ebusuku nokufika ebusuku kohlelo lwe-shuttle. Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha nambili ngemva kokuthi uBessie Coleman aye eFrance ukuze athole ilayisense.

Ronald McNair

Isazi Somsebenzi, iChallenger

Lindiza nge-STS-41-B ngo-1984. Walahleka emkhunjini weChallenger ngoJanuwari 28, 1986, ngemva kwemizuzwana engamashumi ayisikhombisa nantathu ngemuva kokukhishwa.

Frederick D. Gregory

UmAfrika wokuqala waseMelika ukuba aqhube futhi alawule isikebhe

Wahlola iSTS-51-B ngo-1985 futhi wayala iSTS-33 ngo-1989. Kamuva wakhonza njengoPhini loMqondisi weNASA.

Dr. Walt W. Braithwaite

Wathatha umklamo indiza ngaphandle iphepha

IKingston, eJamaica neBoeing, eSeattle

Wazalelwa eKingston ngo-1945, wajoyina iBoeing ngo-1966 njengonjiniyela othintana namathuluzi. Cishe amashumi amane eminyaka wadlulisela umklamo wezindiza kusuka kumatafula wokubhala kuya kumakhompyutha, wakha i-CAD / CAM Integrated Information Network, futhi wasiza ukubhala i-Initial Graphics Exchange Specification evumela abakhiqizi abahlukene ukuthi bashintshane imiklamo yedijithali. I-Boeing 777 yayiyindiza yokuqala yezindiza eyakhelwe ngokuphelele kukhompyutha, ikakhulukazi ngamandla omsebenzi wakhe.

• →iphepha lokuklama ngaphambi kokuba indiza ishiye umshayeli. Umqondisi Olawulayo, iJohn Bailey Institute (2022)

Mae Jemison

Owesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika waseMelika esikhaleni sezulu

STS-47, 12 Septhemba 1992. Udokotela nonjiniyela owakhonza e-Peace Corps eNtshonalanga Afrika ngaphambi kweNASA. Wayethwele iphosta evela enkampanini ka-Alvin Ailey kanye nesithombe saseNtshonalanga Afrika.

Patrice Clarke Washington

Umphathi wesifazane wokuqala omnyama emkhunjini omkhulu wezindiza waseMelika

UCaptain e-UPS, eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa nantathu ngemva kokuba uBessie Coleman enqatshelwe zonke izikole ezweni.

Bernard A. Harris Jr.

UmAfrika wokuqala waseMelika ukuhamba esikhaleni

I-STS-63. Ngaphandle kwesikhala somoya, enesinxibo, emkhathini.

Captain Adine Ossebi

Owesifazane wokuqala ukuphatha indiza ye-Air Afrique

I-Air Afrique, eCongo

Abagibeli bezindiza base-Afrika babehola izindiza ze-Air Afrique kusukela ngawo-1960. Kwathatha owesifazane kwaze kwaba ngo-1998 ukuba akwenze.

• →Owesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika owaba umphathi wendiza yezokuthutha (2004)

Major General John H. Bailey II

Umsunguli weSikhungo

Wathumela isikhulu se-Ordnance out of Officer Candidate School ngo-10 Meyi 1967. eJalimane kusuka ngo-1962 kuya ku-1965. Ukuvakasha okubili eVietnam: umholi wama-platoon kanye nomkhuzi wekhomishini ne-101st Airborne, bese kuba yi-Army Fixed Wing Aviator ne-First Aviation Brigade, ezindiza imisebenzi yokuhlola, ukuqapha nokufuna nokubhubhisa eNingizimu Vietnam, eLaos naseCambodia. Uqedile inkonzo yakhe njengoMlawuli Jikelele weTexas State Guard. Ngo-2001 wasungula iJohn Bailey Institute, i501(c)(3), ukufaka abantu abasha emisebenzini yezindiza. Manje usebenza njengoMsunguli noMqondisi Olawulayo oMkhulu.

• →Umqondisi Olawulayo, iJohn Bailey Institute (2022)

Michael P. Anderson

Umlawuli we-Payload, eColumbia

Ilahlekile lapho iphinde ingena, ngoFebhuwari 1, 2003.

Captain Irene Koki Mutungi

Owesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika owaba umphathi wendiza yezokuthutha

ENaiirobi, eKenya

Waba umphathi weBoeing 737 eKenya Airways ngo-2004, waba ngowesifazane wokuqala kuleli zwekazi ukuphatha indiza yezohwebo. Kamuva waba ngowesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika oqinisekisiwe njengomphathi weBoeing 787 Dreamliner.

• →Abasebenzi besifazane bokuqala e-Afrika (2015)

Mandla Maseko

UmAfrika Omnyama wokuqala okhethiwe ukuba aye esikhaleni

IPretoria, eNingizimu Afrika

Omunye kwabangamashumi amabili nantathu abakhethiwe phakathi kwabangeneleli abayizigidi ngonyaka ka-2013 ukuze baye esikhaleni, futhi wakhethwa njengomuntu wokuqala omnyama wase-Afrika. Waqeqeshwa eKennedy Space Center ngo-2015. Wayengumakadebona eSouth African Air Force futhi engumdwebi wesikhathi esithile. Ushone engozini yesithuthuthu ngoJulayi 6, 2019, eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ngaphambi kokuba indiza ifike.

Captain Amsale Gualu

Abasebenzi besifazane bokuqala e-Afrika

I-Addis Ababa iye eBangkok

Waba yikaputeni wokuqala wesifazane ezindizeni zase-Ethiopia ngo-2010, ku-Q-400 esuka e-Addis Ababa eya eGondar nase-Axum. Ngo-18 Novemba 2015 wayala indiza yokuqala equkethe bonke abasebenzi besifazane ezindizeni zase-Afrika, ezisuka e-Addis Ababa ziya eBangkok. Abashayeli bezindiza, abasebenzi besikebhe nabasebenzi basemhlabathini bonke babebesifazane.

UPart 107 uvula indiza yezohwebo kunoma ubani ophumelela esivivinyweni

I-United States

Ngo-Agasti 29, 2016, umthetho we-FAA wezindiza ezincane ezingenamuntu waqala ukusebenza. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukundiza kwezentengiselwano kwakungadingi indiza, isitifiketi sezokwelapha noma amahora ayikhulu okuqeqesha. Kwakudinga ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe nesitifiketi. Izindleko zokungena emkhakheni wezindiza eziqeqeshiwe zehla kakhulu ngosuku olulodwa kunangekhulu leminyaka elidlule.

• →Abambisene nabesifazane abamnyama (2019)
• →isitifiketi manje esifundiswa yisikhungo. Umqondisi Olawulayo, iJohn Bailey Institute (2022)

Monica and Mavis Gragg

Abambisene nabesifazane abamnyama

I-United States

Odade ababili ababekulungele ukuvala igebe ensimini eyayiseneminyaka emihlanu kuphela ubudala futhi isivele inciphile. Kusukela ngoJuni 2021 cishe amaphesenti ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa abashayeli bezindiza ababhalisiwe be-FAA babengowesifazane. Bakha iphrojekthi yokuletha abesifazane namantombazane abamnyama kulelo nani.

• →Umsunguli, I-Black Girl Drone World (2020)

Major Mandisa Mfeka

Umshayeli wempi wokuqala wesifazane omnyama eNingizimu Afrika

Izindiza ZaseNingizimu Afrika

Ujoyine iSouth African Air Force ngo-2008, waya e Central Flying School eLangebaan ngo-2010 futhi wathatha amaphiko akhe ngo-2011. NgoMeyi 2019 wahamba eqenjini lokugcotshwa kukaMongameli, umshayeli wokuqala wempi wesifazane omnyama wezwe.

Roxane Romulus

Umsunguli, I-Black Girl Drone World

I-Atlanta, eGeorgia

Umshayeli wezindiza oneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu embonini wameluleka unyaka owodwa. Wasungula inkampani yokukhiqiza ama-drone e-Atlanta, wafundisa njengomsizi emakilasini ayo okuqinisekiswa kwe-FAA Part 107, wabe esethatha isitifiketi ngokwakhe, ungomunye wabesifazane abambalwa abanombala onelayisense ye-drones yezentengiselwano. Wadala iBlack Girl Drone World ukuqeqesha amantombazane nabesifazane abanemibala eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuya kwengamashumi amabili nane, futhi wababhalela umhlahlandlela.

• →Umqondisi Olawulayo, iJohn Bailey Institute (2022)

Charles McGee

Imisebenzi yempi engamakhulu amane nesishiyagalolunye ezimpini ezintathu

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, eKorea naseVietnam. Enye yezinkokhelo eziphakeme kakhulu zezimpi ezintathu kunoma yimuphi umshayeli wezindiza waseMelika. Wathuthukiswa waba yi-brigadier general ngo-2020, eneminyaka eyi-100.

Sian Proctor

Owesifazane wokuqala omnyama owapilota isikebhe

I-Inspiration4, indiza yokuqala yokuhamba ngomkhumbi eyayihlelwe ngokuphelele abagibeli bama-astronaut abangewona ochwepheshe. Ungusosayensi wezakhiwo kanye noprofesa ekolishi lomphakathi.

Dr. Charles R. Glass

Umqondisi Olawulayo, iJohn Bailey Institute

I-Eagle Scout, isikhulu seNavy, umshayeli wezindiza we-Eastern Airlines, umqhubi wama-drone ezentengiselwano kanye noprofesa waseyunivesithi ophethe isitifiketi se-Airline Transport Pilot. Uthathe izimali zocwaningo ezivela kuHhovisi locwaningo Lwasolwandle, uMnyango WezokuThutha waseTexas, iBhodi Lokucwaninga Ngezokuthutha, i-US Coast Guard kanye noMnyango Wezemfundo, konke okuhlose ukuqasha nokuqeda abafundi emisebenzini ye-STEM. Abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amane abavela emphakathini wakhe manje basebenza njengezisebenzi zezindiza emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-2022 waba nguMqondisi Olawulayo weJohn Bailey Institute.

Jessica Watkins

Owesifazane wokuqala omnyama ohambweni olude lwe-ISS

Abasebenzi abane, 2022. Wayesebenza ku-Curiosity rover ngaphambi kokundiza.

Ed Dwight

Wafinyelela esikhaleni ngo-2024, eneminyaka engu-90 ubudala

NgoMeyi 19, 2024 u-Ed Dwight wahamba waya esikhaleni seNew Shepard, eneminyaka engama-90. Waba umuntu omdala kunabo bonke owake wakwenza. Lapho ephuma e-capsule, wabeka izingalo zombili phezu kwekhanda lakhe.

Victor J. Glover

Umshayeli, u-Artemis II. Umhloli wezinkanyezi wokuqala omnyama owafika enyangeni

Umjikelezo Wenyanga

I-Artemis II yasungulwa ngo-Ephreli 1, 2026 futhi yafika ekhaya ngo-April 10. UGlover waba umshayeli wendiza futhi waba umhloli wezinkanyezi wokuqala omnyama owafika enyangeni. Eminyakeni eyikhulu nanhlanu ngemva kokuba uBessie Coleman enqatshelwe ilayisense ezweni lakubo.